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java 1.5新特性enum列举的用法

  enum是enumeration(列举)的简写形式,包含在java.lang包中。熟悉c, c++, c#, 或 pascal人应该对列举有所了解,先看个例子:

  public enum season { winter, spring, summer, fall }

  一个enum是定义一组值的对象,它可以包括零个或多个值成员。它是属于enum类型的,一个enum对象中不可有两个或多个相同的属性或值。在次之前的java程序员一般是 用接口的方法实现列举的,如 :

  public interface season {

  static winter = 0;

  static spring = 1; //etc……

  }

  引入了enum的java的列举的编写方便了许多,只须定义一个enum型的对象。enum对象的值都回自动获得一个数字值,从0开始,依次递增。看一个比较简单的enum实现的例子:

  enumdemo.java

  package net.javagarage.enums;

  /*

  we can loop over the values we put into the enum

  using the values() method.

  note that the enum seasons is compiled into a

  separate unit, called enumdemo$seasons.class

  */

  public class enumdemo {

  /*declare the enum and add values to it. note that, like in c#, we don't use a ; to

  end this statement and we use commas to separate the values */

  private enum seasons { winter, spring,

  summer, fall }

  //list the values

  public static void main(string[] args) {

  for (seasons s : seasons.values()){

  system.out.println(s);

  }

  }

  }运行上述代码你回得到 以下结果:

  winter

  spring

  summer

  fall


 

  enum的属性调用:

  下面的代码展示了调用enum对象的方法,这也是它通常的用法:

  package net.javagarage.enums;

  /*

  file: enumswitch.java

  purpose: show how to switch against the values in an enum.

  */

  public class enumswitch {

  private enum color { red, blue, green }

  //list the values

  public static void main(string[] args) {

  //refer to the qualified value

  doit(color.red);

  }

  /*note that you switch against the unqualified name. that is, "case color.red:" is a

  compiler error */

  private static void doit(color c){

  switch (c) {

  case red:

  system.out.println("value is " + color.red);

  break;

  case green:

  system.out.println("value is " + color.green);

  break;

  case blue:

  system.out.println("value is : " + color.blue);

  break;

  default :

  system.out.println("default");

  }

  }


 

  为enums添加属性和方法

  enums也可以象一般的类一样添加方法和属性,你可以为它添加静态和非静态的属性或方法,这一切都象你在一般的类中做的那样。

  package net.javagarage.enums;

  /*

  file: enumdemo.java

  purpose: show how to use an enum that also defines its own fields and methods

  */

  public class enumwithmethods {

  //declare the enum and add values to it.

  public enum season {

  winter, spring, summer, fall;

  private final static string location = "phoenix";

  public static season getbest(){

  if (location.equals("phoenix"))

  return winter;

  else

  return summer;

  }

  public static void main(string[] args) {

  system.out.println(season.getbest());

  }

  }

  就是这么的简单。但是有一点是需要注意的,那就是enums的值列表必须紧跟在enum声明,不然编译时将会出错。


 

  enums构造函数:

  和类一样enums也可以有自己的构造函数,如下:

  package net.javagarage.enums;

  public class enumconstructor {

  public static void main(string[] a) {

  //call our enum using the values method

  for (temp t : temp.values())

  system.out.println(t + " is : " + t.getvalue());

  }

  //make the enum

  public enum temp {

  absolutezero(-459), freezing(32),

  boiling(212), paperburns(451);

  //constructor here

  temp(int value) {

  this.value = value;

  }

  //regular field?but make it final,

  //since that is the point, to make constants

  private final int value;

  //regular get method

  public int getvalue() {

  return value;

  }

  }

  }输出结果是:

  absolutezero is : -459

  freezing is : 32

  boiling is : 212

  paperburns is : 451

  尽管enums有这么多的属性,但并不是用的越多越好,如果那样还不如直接用类来的直接。enums的优势在定义int最终变量仅当这些值有一定特殊含义时。但是如果你需要的是一个类,就定义一个类,而不是enum.

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