下面的应用程序将实现从http服务器装载并执行一个jar文件的功能,比如你的jar文件的地址为hello.jar。要实现这个功能我们应该首先建立与这个文件的连接然后通过manifest的信息描述得到main-class的值,最后装载并运行这个class。这里面需要用到java.net和反射的一些重要知识。这个应用程序由两个类组成:jarclassloader和jarrunner。
jarclassloader扩展了urlclassloader,它有一个成员为url类型的url变量。
public jarclassloader(url url)
{
super(new url[] { url });
this.url = url;
}
它的两个重要方法是getmainclassname()和invokeclass(),其中前者的目的是通过url和jar取得连接后,读取manifest的main-class属性从而得到应用程序的入点,这非常重要。得到入点后我们就可以通过反射机制装载和运行得到的主类。
public string getmainclassname() throws ioexception {
url u = new url("jar", "", url + "!/");
jarurlconnection uc = (jarurlconnection)u.openconnection();
attributes attr = uc.getmainattributes();
return attr != null
? attr.getvalue(attributes.name.main_class)
: null;
}
public void invokeclass(string name, string[] args)
throws classnotfoundexception,
nosuchmethodexception,
invocationtargetexception
{
class c = this.loadclass(name);
method m = c.getmethod("main", new class[] { args.getclass() });
m.setaccessible(true);
int mods = m.getmodifiers();
if (m.getreturntype() != void.class || !modifier.isstatic(mods) ||
!modifier.ispublic(mods)) {
throw new nosuchmethodexception("main");
}
try {
m.invoke(null, new object[] { args });
} catch (illegalaccessexception e) {
// this should not happen, as we have disabled access checks
}
}
url u = new url("jar", "", url + "!/");
jarurlconnection uc = (jarurlconnection)u.openconnection();
这两段代码构造一个jarurlconnection的实例,注意!/的分隔符的意思是这个url表示的是整个jar文件。这样我们就建立了和jar文件的通信。方法中的后面两句话得到jar文件的主类。在invokeclass方法中,我们首先通过classloader的方法得到包括程序入口的主类,然后得到main方法,判断main方法为我们需要的方法后则调method的invoke方法执行这个应用程序。
下面是源程序的代码
import java.net.url;
import java.net.urlclassloader;
import java.net.jarurlconnection;
import java.lang.reflect.method;
import java.lang.reflect.modifier;
import java.lang.reflect.invocationtargetexception;
import java.util.jar.attributes;
import java.io.ioexception;
class jarclassloader extends urlclassloader {
private url url;
public jarclassloader(url url) {
super(new url[] { url });
this.url = url;
}
public string getmainclassname() throws ioexception {
url u = new url("jar", "", url + "!/");
jarurlconnection uc = (jarurlconnection)u.openconnection();
attributes attr = uc.getmainattributes();
return attr != null ? attr.getvalue(attributes.name.main_class) : null;
}
public void invokeclass(string name, string[] args)
throws classnotfoundexception,
nosuchmethodexception,
invocationtargetexception
{
class c = this.loadclass(name);
method m = c.getmethod("main", new class[] { args.getclass() });
m.setaccessible(true);
int mods = m.getmodifiers();
if (m.getreturntype() != void.class || !modifier.isstatic(mods) ||
!modifier.ispublic(mods)) {
throw new nosuchmethodexception("main");
}
try {
m.invoke(null, new object[] { args });
} catch (illegalaccessexception e) {
// this should not happen, as we have disabled access checks
}
}
}
import java.io.ioexception;
import java.net.url;
import java.net.malformedurlexception;
import java.lang.reflect.invocationtargetexception;
/**
* runs a jar application from any url. usage is 'java jarrunner url [args..]'
* where url is the url of the jar file and args is optional arguments to
* be passed to the application's main method.
*/
public class jarrunner {
public static void main(string[] args) {
if (args.length < 1) {
usage();
}
url url = null;
try {
url = new url(args[0]);
} catch (malformedurlexception e) {
fatal("invalid url: " + args[0]);
}
// create the class loader for the application jar file
jarclassloader cl = new jarclassloader(url);
// get the application's main class name
string name = null;
try {
name = cl.getmainclassname();
} catch (ioexception e) {
system.err.println("i/o error while loading jar file:");
e.printstacktrace();
system.exit(1);
}
if (name == null) {
fatal("specified jar file does not contain a 'main-class'" +
" manifest attribute");
}
// get arguments for the application
string[] newargs = new string[args.length - 1];
system.arraycopy(args, 1, newargs, 0, newargs.length);
// invoke application's main class
try {
cl.invokeclass(name, newargs);
} catch (classnotfoundexception e) {
fatal("class not found: " + name);
} catch (nosuchmethodexception e) {
fatal("class does not define a 'main' method: " + name);
} catch (invocationtargetexception e) {
e.gettargetexception().printstacktrace();
system.exit(1);
}
}
private static void fatal(string s) {
system.err.println(s);
system.exit(1);
}
private static void usage() {
fatal("usage: java jarrunner url [args..]");
}
}
我们编写一个简单的helloworld程序,然后打个jar包,注意你的jar包内的manifest文件一定要包括main-class: helloworld,否则的话找不到程序的入口。把它放在一个web服务器上比如http://localhost/hello.jar。编译源程序后执行
java jarrunner http://localhost/hello.jar (可以含有参数)在控制台我们会看到hello world的字样输出!
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