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在前一篇文章中，我们详细的介绍了struts 1.1 的工作原理，接着将会介绍它的安装，以及一个具体的应用。
1. struts 1.1 安装
安装struts 1.1 比较简单。假设我们使用的是tomcat 5.0,并且安装在d: omcat下。首先，请到http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/ 下载struts 1.1,解压缩后，可以看到jakarta-struts-1.1目录，在这个目录下面，你可以看到这样一个目录：webapps.该目录下面有多个*.war，我们copy struts-blank.war 文件到d: omcatwebapps下，restart tomcat，在tomcat 的webapps下就会生成一个struts-blank空白struts开发环境。另外，在你解压缩的目录下的webapps中 struts-example.war 是一个很好的struts学习教程，如果你想深入学习请访问http://jakarta.apache.org/struts 或者 下载 《struts in action》 e 文版。
2. 一个简单的例子
2.1 logon.jsp
<%@ taglib uri="/web-inf/struts-html.tld" prefix="html" %>
<%@ page contenttype="text/html; charset=gb2312" %>
<%
/**
* this page shows logon interface.
* title: logon system
* description: logon page
* copyright: copyright (c) 2004
* company: www.ewe.com.cn
* @author bluesunny <hyjun2001@163.com>
* @version 1.0
*/
response.setheader("pragma","no-cache");
response.setheader("cache-control","no-cache");
response.setdateheader("expires", 0);
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>logon</title>
</head>
<body>
<html:errors/>
<html:form action="/logon" focus="username">
username:<html:text property="username" size="25"/>
password:<html:password property="password" size="25"/>
<html:submit property=”submit”/>
</html:form>
</body>
</html>
页面为用户登陆页面，应用到struts的html标签。
2.2 logonform.java
package com.logon.app;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import org.apache.struts.action.*;
/**
* this page shows logonform.java
* title: logon system
* description: logonform page
* copyright: copyright (c) 2004
* company: www.ewe.com.cn
* @author bluesunny
* @version 1.0
*/
public class logonform extends actionform{
private string username;
private string password;
public loginform() {
username = null;
password = null;
}
public void setusername(string username){
this.username = username;
}
public string getusername() {
return this.username;
}
public void setpassword(string password){
this.password = password;
}
public string getpassword(){
return this.password;
}
public void reset(actionmapping mapping, httpservletrequest request)
{
username = null;
password = null;
}
}
这个页面为actionform bean ，主要是用来封装客户端的用户名与密码。
2.3 logonaction.java
package com.logon.app;
import java.io.*;
import java.sql.*;
import org.apache.struts.action.action;
import org.apache.struts.action.actionforward;
import org.apache.struts.action.actionmapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.actionform;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import org.apache.struts.action.*;
/**
* this page shows logonaction.java
* title: logon system
* description: logonaction page
* copyright: copyright (c) 2004
* company: www.ewe.com.cn
* @author bluesunny
* @version 1.0
*/
public class logonaction extends action{
public actionforward execute(actionmapping actionmapping, actionform actionform, httpservletrequest request, httpservletresponse response)throws exception{
logonform form = (logonform)actionform;
actionerrors errors = new actionerrors();
string username = form.getusername();
string password = form.getpassword();
if(username.equals(“bluesunny”) && password.equals(“bluesunny”)){
return actionmapping.findforward("success");
}else{
errors.add("login",new actionerror("logon.failed"));
saveerrors(request,errors);
return actionmapping.findforward("failed");
}
}
}
取得actionform中的数据，进行处理，处理结果返回到jsp页面。
2.4 web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<!doctype web-app
public "-//sun microsystems, inc.//dtd web application 2.3//en"
"http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
<display-name>struts logon application</display-name>
<!-- standard action servlet configuration (with debugging) -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.actionservlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/web-inf/struts-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>detail</param-name>
<param-value>2</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- standard action servlet mapping -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- the welcome file list -->
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>logon.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- struts tag library descriptors -->
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-bean</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/web-inf/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-html</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/web-inf/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-logic</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/web-inf/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-nested</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/web-inf/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>/tags/struts-tiles</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/web-inf/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
</web-app>
2.5 struts-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1" ?>
<!doctype struts-config public
"-//apache software foundation//dtd struts configuration 1.1//en"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_1.dtd">
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="logonform" type=" com.logon.app.loginform"/>
</form-beans>
<action-mappings>
<action
path="/logon" type="com.logon.app.logonaction" name="logonform" scope="request" input="logon.jsp">
<forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"/>
<forward name="failure" path="/logon.jsp"/>
</action>
<message-resources parameter="resources.application"/>
</struts-config>
2.6 application.properties
logon.failed = logon failed!please logon in again!
2.7 deploy logon application
创建一个success.jsp，输入:"successflly!".
编译源文件，并且把该应用程序部署在tomcat里，假设部署在app目录下面。我们可以启动浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/app/.
2.8 目录结构
/web-inf :
/ web-inf/lib : struts.jar
/ web-inf/classes :
/ web-inf/classes/com/logon/app : *.class
/ web-inf/classes/resources : *.properties
3. 总结
本文详细讲解了安装方法，并且举了一个登陆例子作为struts框架应用。另外，本文对struts的目录结构也有说明，这大大减轻了初学者学习负担，应该可以作为struts入门之用。
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