ant是java平台下非常棒的批处理命令执行程序,能非常方便地自动完成编译,测试,打包,部署等等一系列任务,大大提高开发效率。如果你现在还没有开始使用ant,那就要赶快开始学习使用,使自己的开发水平上一个新台阶。
eclipse中已经集成了ant,我们可以直接在eclipse中运行ant。
以前面建立的hello工程为例,创建以下目录结构:
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新建一个build.xml,放在工程根目录下。build.xml定义了ant要执行的批处理命令。虽然ant也可以使用其它文件名,但是遵循标准能更使开发更规范,同时易于与别人交流。
通常,src存放java源文件,classes存放编译后的class文件,lib存放编译和运行用到的所有jar文件,web存放jsp等web文件,dist存放打包后的jar文件,doc存放api文档。
然后在根目录下创建build.xml文件,输入以下内容:
| <?xml version="1.0"?> <project name="hello world" default="doc"> <!-- properies --> <property name="src.dir" value="src" /> <property name="report.dir" value="report" /> <property name="classes.dir" value="classes" /> <property name="lib.dir" value="lib" /> <property name="dist.dir" value="dist" /> <property name="doc.dir" value="doc"/> <!-- 定义classpath --> <path id="master-classpath"> <fileset file="${lib.dir}/*.jar" /> <pathelement path="${classes.dir}"/> </path> <!-- 初始化任务 --> <target name="init"> </target> <!-- 编译 --> <target name="compile" depends="init" description="compile the source files"> <mkdir dir="${classes.dir}"/> <javac srcdir="${src.dir}" destdir="${classes.dir}" target="1.4"> <classpath refid="master-classpath"/> </javac> </target> <!-- 测试 --> <target name="test" depends="compile" description="run junit test"> <mkdir dir="${report.dir}"/> <junit printsummary="on" haltonfailure="false" failureproperty="tests.failed" showoutput="true"> <classpath refid="master-classpath" /> <formatter type="plain"/> <batchtest todir="${report.dir}"> <fileset dir="${classes.dir}"> <include name="**/*test.*"/> </fileset> </batchtest> </junit> <fail if="tests.failed"> *********************************************************** **** one or more tests failed! check the output ... **** *********************************************************** </fail> </target> <!-- 打包成jar --> <target name="pack" depends="test" description="make .jar file"> <mkdir dir="${dist.dir}" /> <jar destfile="${dist.dir}/hello.jar" basedir="${classes.dir}"> <exclude name="**/*test.*" /> <exclude name="**/test*.*" /> </jar> </target> <!-- 输出api文档 --> <target name="doc" depends="pack" description="create api doc"> <mkdir dir="${doc.dir}" /> <javadoc destdir="${doc.dir}" author="true" version="true" use="true" windowtitle="test api"> <packageset dir="${src.dir}" defaultexcludes="yes"> <include name="example/**" /> </packageset> <doctitle><![cdata[<h1>hello, test</h1>]]></doctitle> <bottom><![cdata[<i>all rights reserved.</i>]]></bottom> <tag name="todo" scope="all" description="to do:" /> </javadoc> </target> </project> |
以上xml依次定义了init(初始化),compile(编译),test(测试),doc(生成文档),pack(打包)任务,可以作为模板。
选中hello工程,然后选择“project”,“properties”,“builders”,“new…”,选择“ant build”:
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填入name:ant_builder;buildfile:build.xml;base directory:${workspace_loc:/hello}(按“browse workspace”选择工程根目录),由于用到了junit.jar包,搜索eclipse目录,找到junit.jar,把它复制到hello/lib目录下,并添加到ant的classpath中:
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然后在builder面板中钩上ant_build,去掉java builder:

再次编译,即可在控制台看到ant的输出:
| buildfile: f:/eclipse-projects/hello/build.xml init: compile: [mkdir] created dir: f:/eclipse-projects/hello/classes [javac] compiling 2 source files to f:/eclipse-projects/hello/classes test: [mkdir] created dir: f:/eclipse-projects/hello/report [junit] running example.hellotest [junit] tests run: 1, failures: 0, errors: 0, time elapsed: 0.02 sec pack: [mkdir] created dir: f:/eclipse-projects/hello/dist [jar] building jar: f:/eclipse-projects/hello/dist/hello.jar doc: [mkdir] created dir: f:/eclipse-projects/hello/doc [javadoc] generating javadoc [javadoc] javadoc execution [javadoc] loading source files for package example... [javadoc] constructing javadoc information... [javadoc] standard doclet version 1.4.2_04 [javadoc] building tree for all the packages and classes... [javadoc] building index for all the packages and classes... [javadoc] building index for all classes... [javadoc] generating f:/eclipse-projects/hello/doc/stylesheet.css... [javadoc] note: custom tags that could override future standard tags: @todo. to avoid potential overrides, use at least one period character (.) in custom tag names. [javadoc] note: custom tags that were not seen: @todo build successful total time: 11 seconds |
ant依次执行初始化,编译,测试,打包,生成api文档一系列任务,极大地提高了开发效率。将来开发j2ee项目时,还可加入部署等任务。并且,即使脱离了eclipse环境,只要正确安装了ant,配置好环境变量ant_home=<ant解压目录>,path=…;%ant_home%/bin,在命令行提示符下切换到hello目录,简单地键入ant即可。

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