对于 java 1.4以上，启动java时加上 -djava.awt.headless=true 的参数。对于 java 1.4 以前，下载  xvfb 或者其他的虚拟 x-window 软件，再在 java 运行环境里的 display 作相应改变。
对于 resin，具体的修改办法是，修改 httpd.sh 文件，把其中的 args= 行修改为 args=-djava.awt.headless=true。
转载自http://shaofanyun.mblogger.cn/(部分)
例如: catalina.sh

#!/bin/sh
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# start/stop script for the catalina server
#
# environment variable prequisites
#
#   catalina_home   may point at your catalina "build" directory.
#
#   catalina_base   (optional) base directory for resolving dynamic portions
#                   of a catalina installation.  if not present, resolves to
#                   the same directory that catalina_home points to.
#
#   catalina_opts   (optional) java runtime options used when the "start",
#                   "stop", or "run" command is executed.
#
#   catalina_tmpdir (optional) directory path location of temporary directory
#                   the jvm should use (java.io.tmpdir).  defaults to
#                   $catalina_base/temp.
#
#   java_home       must point at your java development kit installation.
#
#   java_opts       (optional) java runtime options used when the "start",
#                   "stop", or "run" command is executed.
#
#   jpda_transport  (optional) jpda transport used when the "jpda start"
#                   command is executed. the default is "dt_socket".
#
#   jpda_address    (optional) java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
#                   command is executed. the default is 8000.
#
#   jsse_home       (optional) may point at your java secure sockets extension
#                   (jsse) installation, whose jar files will be added to the
#                   system class path used to start tomcat.
#
#   catalina_pid    (optional) path of the file which should contains the pid
#                   of catalina startup java process, when start (fork) is used
#
# $id: catalina.sh,v 1.13.2.1 2004/08/21 15:49:49 yoavs exp $
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

java_home=/opt/j2sdk1.4.2_04
catalina_home=/opt/services/tomcat

# os specific support.  $var _must_ be set to either true or false.
cygwin=false
os400=false
case "`uname`" in
cygwin*) cygwin=true;;
os400*) os400=true;;
esac

# resolve links - $0 may be a softlink
prg="$0"

while [ -h "$prg" ]; do
  ls=`ls -ld "$prg"`
  link=`expr "$ls" : '.*-> /(.*/)$'`
  if expr "$link" : '.*/.*' > /dev/null; then
    prg="$link"
  else
    prg=`dirname "$prg"`/"$link"
  fi
done

# get standard environment variables
prgdir=`dirname "$prg"`

# only set catalina_home if not already set
[ -z "$catalina_home" ] && catalina_home=`cd "$prgdir/.." ; pwd`

if [ -r "$catalina_home"/bin/setenv.sh ]; then
  . "$catalina_home"/bin/setenv.sh
fi

# for cygwin, ensure paths are in unix format before anything is touched
if $cygwin; then
  [ -n "$java_home" ] && java_home=`cygpath --unix "$java_home"`
  [ -n "$catalina_home" ] && catalina_home=`cygpath --unix "$catalina_home"`
  [ -n "$catalina_base" ] && catalina_base=`cygpath --unix "$catalina_base"`
  [ -n "$classpath" ] && classpath=`cygpath --path --unix "$classpath"`
  [ -n "$jsse_home" ] && jsse_home=`cygpath --absolute --unix "$jsse_home"`
fi

# for os400
if $os400; then
  # set job priority to standard for interactive (interactive - 6) by using
  # the interactive priority - 6, the helper threads that respond to requests
  # will be running at the same priority as interactive jobs.
  command='chgjob job('$jobname') runpty(6)'
  system $command

  # enable multi threading
  export qibm_multi_threaded=y
fi

# get standard java environment variables
if [ -r "$catalina_home"/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then
  basedir="$catalina_home"
  . "$catalina_home"/bin/setclasspath.sh
else
  echo "cannot find $catalina_home/bin/setclasspath.sh"
  echo "this file is needed to run this program"
  exit 1
fi

# add on extra jar files to classpath
if [ -n "$jsse_home" ]; then
  classpath="$classpath":"$jsse_home"/lib/jcert.jar:"$jsse_home"/lib/jnet.jar:"$jsse_home"/lib/jsse.jar
fi
classpath="$classpath":"$catalina_home"/bin/bootstrap.jar:"$catalina_home"/bin/commons-logging-api.jar

if [ -z "$catalina_base" ] ; then
  catalina_base="$catalina_home"
fi

if [ -z "$catalina_tmpdir" ] ; then
  # define the java.io.tmpdir to use for catalina
  catalina_tmpdir="$catalina_base"/temp
fi

# for cygwin, switch paths to windows format before running java
if $cygwin; then
  java_home=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$java_home"`
  catalina_home=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$catalina_home"`
  catalina_base=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$catalina_base"`
  catalina_tmpdir=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$catalina_tmpdir"`
  classpath=`cygpath --path --windows "$classpath"`
  [ -n "$jsse_home" ] && jsse_home=`cygpath --absolute --windows "$jsse_home"`
  java_endorsed_dirs=`cygpath --path --windows "$java_endorsed_dirs"`
fi

# ----- execute the requested command -----------------------------------------

echo "using catalina_base:   $catalina_base"
echo "using catalina_home:   $catalina_home"
echo "using catalina_tmpdir: $catalina_tmpdir"
echo "using java_home:       $java_home"

if [ "$1" = "jpda" ] ; then
  if [ -z "$jpda_transport" ]; then
    jpda_transport="dt_socket"
  fi
  if [ -z "$jpda_address" ]; then
    jpda_address="8000"
  fi
  if [ -z "$jpda_opts" ]; then
    jpda_opts="-xdebug -xrunjdwp:transport=$jpda_transport,address=$jpda_address,server=y,suspend=n"
  fi
  catalina_opts="$catalina_opts $jpda_opts"
  shift
fi

if [ "$1" = "debug" ] ; then

  if $os400; then
    echo "debug command not available on os400"
    exit 1
  else
    shift
    if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
      echo "using security manager"
      shift
      exec "$_runjdb" $java_opts $catalina_opts /
        -djava.endorsed.dirs="$java_endorsed_dirs" -classpath "$classpath" /
        -sourcepath "$catalina_home"/../../jakarta-tomcat-catalina/catalina/src/share /
        -djava.security.manager /
        -djava.security.policy=="$catalina_base"/conf/catalina.policy /
        -dcatalina.base="$catalina_base" /
        -dcatalina.home="$catalina_home" /
                -djava.awt.headless=true                        /
        -djava.io.tmpdir="$catalina_tmpdir" /
        org.apache.catalina.startup.bootstrap "$@" start
    else
      exec "$_runjdb" $java_opts $catalina_opts /
        -djava.endorsed.dirs="$java_endorsed_dirs" -classpath "$classpath" /
        -sourcepath "$catalina_home"/../../jakarta-tomcat-catalina/catalina/src/share /
        -dcatalina.base="$catalina_base" /
        -dcatalina.home="$catalina_home" /
                -djava.awt.headless=true                        /
        -djava.io.tmpdir="$catalina_tmpdir" /
        org.apache.catalina.startup.bootstrap "$@" start
    fi
  fi

elif [ "$1" = "run" ]; then

  shift
  if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
    echo "using security manager"
    shift
    exec "$_runjava" $java_opts $catalina_opts /
      -djava.endorsed.dirs="$java_endorsed_dirs" -classpath "$classpath" /
      -djava.security.manager /
      -djava.security.policy=="$catalina_base"/conf/catalina.policy /
      -dcatalina.base="$catalina_base" /
      -dcatalina.home="$catalina_home" /
          -djava.awt.headless=true                      /
      -djava.io.tmpdir="$catalina_tmpdir" /
      org.apache.catalina.startup.bootstrap "$@" start
  else
    exec "$_runjava" $java_opts $catalina_opts /
      -djava.endorsed.dirs="$java_endorsed_dirs" -classpath "$classpath" /
      -dcatalina.base="$catalina_base" /
      -dcatalina.home="$catalina_home" /
          -djava.awt.headless=true                      /
      -djava.io.tmpdir="$catalina_tmpdir" /
      org.apache.catalina.startup.bootstrap "$@" start
  fi

elif [ "$1" = "start" ] ; then

  shift
  touch "$catalina_base"/logs/catalina.out
  if [ "$1" = "-security" ] ; then
    echo "using security manager"
    shift
    "$_runjava" $java_opts $catalina_opts /
      -djava.endorsed.dirs="$java_endorsed_dirs" -classpath "$classpath" /
      -djava.security.manager /
      -djava.security.policy=="$catalina_base"/conf/catalina.policy /
      -dcatalina.base="$catalina_base" /
      -dcatalina.home="$catalina_home" /
          -djava.awt.headless=true                      /
          -djava.io.tmpdir="$catalina_tmpdir" /
      org.apache.catalina.startup.bootstrap "$@" start /
      >> "$catalina_base"/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 &

      if [ ! -z "$catalina_pid" ]; then
        echo $! > $catalina_pid
      fi
  else
    "$_runjava" $java_opts $catalina_opts /
      -djava.endorsed.dirs="$java_endorsed_dirs" -classpath "$classpath" /
      -dcatalina.base="$catalina_base" /
      -dcatalina.home="$catalina_home" /
          -djava.awt.headless=true                      /
          -djava.io.tmpdir="$catalina_tmpdir" /
      org.apache.catalina.startup.bootstrap "$@" start /
      >> "$catalina_base"/logs/catalina.out 2>&1 &

      if [ ! -z "$catalina_pid" ]; then
        echo $! > $catalina_pid
      fi
  fi

elif [ "$1" = "stop" ] ; then

  shift
  force=0
  if [ "$1" = "-force" ]; then
    shift
    force=1
  fi

  "$_runjava" $java_opts $catalina_opts /
    -djava.endorsed.dirs="$java_endorsed_dirs" -classpath "$classpath" /
    -dcatalina.base="$catalina_base" /
    -dcatalina.home="$catalina_home" /
        -djava.awt.headless=true                        /
        -djava.io.tmpdir="$catalina_tmpdir" /
    org.apache.catalina.startup.bootstrap "$@" stop

  if [ $force -eq 1 ]; then
    if [ ! -z "$catalina_pid" ]; then
       echo "killing: `cat $catalina_pid`"
       kill -9 `cat $catalina_pid`
    fi
  fi

elif [ "$1" = "version" ] ; then

    "$_runjava"   /
      -classpath "$catalina_home/server/lib/catalina.jar" /
      org.apache.catalina.util.serverinfo

else

  echo "usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )"
  echo "commands:"
  if $os400; then
    echo "  debug             start catalina in a debugger (not available on os400)"
    echo "  debug -security   debug catalina with a security manager (not available on os400)"
  else
    echo "  debug             start catalina in a debugger"
    echo "  debug -security   debug catalina with a security manager"
  fi
  echo "  jpda start        start catalina under jpda debugger"
  echo "  run               start catalina in the current window"
  echo "  run -security     start in the current window with security manager"
  echo "  start             start catalina in a separate window"
  echo "  start -security   start in a separate window with security manager"
  echo "  stop              stop catalina"
  echo "  stop -force       stop catalina (followed by kill -kill)"
  echo "  version           what version of tomcat are you running?"
  exit 1

fi