目前,面向对象是软件系统建模的主流技术,使用面向对象技术建模的主要指标之一是可复用性。为了更好地解决软件复用性和扩展性问题,设计模式得到了越来越多的关注与应用。
结合command设计模式和java语言的反射技术,本文设计实现了一个可复用的事件处理框架。
在面向对象的系统设计中,有些方面的可复用性经常被忽略了,用户界面(user interface, 下文简称ui)及其事件处理就是其中之一。一个完整的ui设计应该包括两部分:ui及其相应的事件处理机制,没有事件处理机制的ui是没有用的,对于事件处理,也应该考虑可复用设计。虽然看上去有些奇怪,但是这种设计是有实用价值的――提高了代码的可复用性、健壮性和可维护性。
command设计模式的主要设计思想是把对某一对象的请求封装为一个对象,从而把发出命令的责任和执行任务的责任分开,委派给不同的对象,请求的一方不必知道接收请求一方的接口。这种引入第三方类的做法是设计模式所惯用的,引入的第三方类解耦了紧耦合对象。command设计模式中,第三方类解耦了调用操作的对象与知道如何实现该操作的对象,提高了软件的可复用性。
jdk 1.1及其以后的版本,引入了反射(reflection)技术。反射是java中非常突出的动态特征,利用它可以加载一个运行时才得知名字的class,获取其完整结构,这一切是通过反射api完成的。
//uidemo1
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class uidemo1 implements actionlistener{
private jframe frame;
private jbutton button;
private jtextarea area;
private int index = -1;
private string [] params;
private uidemo1(string args[]){
params = args;
area = new jtextarea(5,25);
button = new jbutton("click here!");
button.addactionlistener(this);
frame = new jframe(getclass().getname());
frame.addwindowlistener(new reusablewindowadapter());
container cont = frame.getcontentpane();
jscrollpane scrollpane = new jscrollpane(area);
cont.add(scrollpane,borderlayout.north);
cont.add(button,borderlayout.south);
frame.pack();
frame.setvisible(true);
}
public void actionperformed(actionevent ae){
//provide equality check to see if source was the
//button defined above.. useful only if we register
//this actionlistener with multiple sources
if(ae.getsource().equals(button)){
index = ++index % params.length;
area.settext(params[index]);
}
}
public static void main(string args[]){
if(args.length > 1){
uidemo1 one = new uidemo1(args);
}else{
usage();
}
}
private static void usage(){
system.err.println("you may excute this program as below:");
system.err.println("java uidemo1 params1 params2 ...");
system.exit(-1);
}
}
//uidemo2
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class uidemo2{
private jframe frame;
private jbutton button;
private jtextarea area;
private int index = -1;
private string [] params;
private uidemo2(string args[]){
params = args;
area = new jtextarea(5,25);
button = new jbutton("click here!");
button.addactionlistener(new semireusableactionlistener(this));
frame = new jframe(getclass().getname());
frame.addwindowlistener(new reusablewindowadapter());
container cont = frame.getcontentpane();
jscrollpane scrollpane = new jscrollpane(area);
cont.add(scrollpane,borderlayout.north);
cont.add(button,borderlayout.south);
frame.pack();
frame.setvisible(true);
}
void setmessage(object source){
if(source.equals(button)){
index = ++index % params.length;
area.settext(params[index]);
}
}
public static void main(string args[]){
if(args.length > 1){
uidemo2 two = new uidemo2(args);
}else{
usage();
}
}
private static void usage(){
system.err.println("you may excute this program as below:");
system.err.println("java uidemo2 params1 params2 ...");
system.exit(-1);
}
}
//semireusableactionlistener
import java.awt.event.*;
public class semireusableactionlistener implements actionlistener{
private uidemo2 demo2;
semireusableactionlistener(uidemo2 uidemo){
demo2 = uidemo;
}
public void actionperformed(actionevent ae){
demo2.setmessage(ae.getsource());
}
}
//uidemo3
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.lang.reflect.*;
public class uidemo3{
private jframe frame;
private jbutton button1;
private jtextarea area;
private int index = -1;
private string [] params;
private uidemo3(string args[]){
params = args;
area = new jtextarea(5,25);
button1 = new jbutton("click here!");
//setup required information to use genericactionlistener
string methodname = "setmessage";
class [] paramtypes = {java.lang.object.class};
object [] methodargs = { button1 };
class clazz = this.getclass();
try{
method method = clazz.getmethod(methodname, paramtypes);
button1.addactionlistener(new
reusableactionlistener(method, this, methodargs));
}
catch(exception e){
system.out.println("could not find the method: "+methodname+"/nnow exiting...");
system.exit(-1);
}
frame = new jframe(getclass().getname());
frame.addwindowlistener(new reusablewindowadapter());
container cont = frame.getcontentpane();
jscrollpane scrollpane = new jscrollpane(area);
cont.add(scrollpane,borderlayout.north);
cont.add(button1,borderlayout.south);
frame.pack();
frame.setvisible(true);
}
public void setmessage(object source){
if(source.equals(button1)){
index = ++index % params.length;
area.settext(params[index]);
}
}
public static void main(string args[]){
if(args.length > 1){
uidemo3 three = new uidemo3(args);
}else{
usage();
}
}
private static void usage(){
system.err.println("you may excute this program as below:");
system.err.println("java uidemo3 params1 params2 ...");
system.exit(-1);
}
}
//reusablewindowadapter
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class reusablewindowadapter extends windowadapter{
public void windowclosing(windowevent we){
object source = we.getsource();
if(source instanceof frame){
((frame)source).setvisible(false);
((frame)source).dispose();
system.exit(0);
}
}
}
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