unmount /cdrom -> 取出光盘 ->下一个文件
删除AIX64_SERVER_92010_DISK1~4.CPIO：rm AIX64_SERVER_92010_DISK1~4.CPIO
3、安装
以ORACLE身份登录，cd /install/Disk1目录，运行 ./Runinstaller 脚本，提示 按y后弹出安装界面
3、安装:以ORACLE身份登录，cd /install/Disk1目录，运行 ./Runinstaller 脚本，提示 按y后弹出安装界面
同时另启一个窗口，以root 身份登录，cd /install/Disk1目录，执行./rootpre.sh
同时另启一个窗口，以root 身份登录，在安装过程中需要执行 /tmp/orainstRoot.sh、/home/oracle/OraHome1/root.sh两个脚本
需要输入ORACLE HOME的名字和路径，如下 ORACLE_HOME、/home/oracle/ora9
Installation Types 选择 Enterprise Edition -> Transaction Processing
Global DataBase Name ：ORA、SID ：ORA
Directory For DataBase Files：/home/oracle/ora9/oradata
Character Set ：Simplified Chinese ZHS16GBK（可选择）
JDK Home：usr/jdk_base
Root 登录执行 /home/oracle/OraHome1/root.sh脚本
Enter the full pathname of the local bin DIR :[/usr/local/bin]:回车
4、ORACLE SERVER 启动步骤
更新oracle用户的.profile和.dtprofile文件（用于设置环境变量）
以oracle身份登录
.profile 文件和.dtprofile 文件示例：
ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/ora9
ORACLE_SID=orcla(A机/B机)
ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data
SHLIB_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
LN_CNTRL=L_PTHREADS_D7
ORACLE_TERM=ansi
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/network/bin:$PATH
export PATH ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID ORACLE_TERM
export ORACLE_OWNER
export NLS_LANG ORA_NLS33 SHLIB_PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH LN_CNTRL |
5、数据库实例的启动与关闭
启动数据库实例
sqlplus /nolog
conn / as sysdba
startup
关闭数据库实例
sqlplus /nolog
conn / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
这里启动与关闭的实例的对象是由环境变量中 ORACLE_SID 指定的，可以通过export 命令来改变它的值。例如： export ORACLE_SID=orcla
6、数据库监听服务的启动与关闭
启动监听器
lsnrctl start
关闭监听器
lsnrctl stop
这里可以在命令的末尾加上监听服务的名字（在 ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora中配置），例如：lsnrctl start lsnr_ta
在双机热备系统中ORACLE的安装
1、磁盘状况描述
A机与B机的本地各有两块硬盘作镜像；
磁盘阵列划分成分别为TA和直销服务的两个物理卷；
正常情况下：A机接管为TA服务的物理卷；B机接管为直销服务的物理卷。
2、安装方法
1.在A机和B机上创建dba组和oracle用户，两台机器的id需要保持一致，使用id命令看用户属性： id oracle
uid=203(oracle) gid=0(system) groups=202(dba)
2.在A机和B机上同时开始安装数据库，在A机指定数据库实例名时，指定TA的实例名，例如：SID=orcla；在B机指定数据库实例名时，指定直销的实例名，例如：SID=orclb；
3.在A机指定数据库文件的路径时，指定TA在磁盘阵列上的路径，例如：Directory For DataBase Files：/adata/orcla；在B机指定数据库文件的路径时，指定直销在磁盘阵列上
的路径，例如：Directory For DataBase Files：/bdata/orclb；
4.ORACLE安装结束后，使A机接管直销的物理卷、B机接管TA的物理卷。操作步骤如下：
在A机上unmount A机的文件系统 unmount /adata；
在A机上Deactivate smitty vg -> Deactivate a Volume Group -> 在 Volume Group Name 栏内选择 adatavg；
在B机上unmount B机的文件系统 /bdata命令： unmount /bdata；
在B机上smitty vg -> Deactivate a Volume Group -> 在 Volume Group Name 栏内选择 bdatavg；
在A机上激活直销卷组smitty vg -> Activate a Volume Group -> 在 Volume Group Name 栏内选择 bdatavg；
在A机上装配文件系统 mount /bdata；
在B机上激活TA卷组smitty vg -> Activate a Volume Group -> 在 Volume Group Name 栏内选择 adatavg；
在B机上装配文件系统 mount /adata；
5.运行 dbca 创建数据库实例，在A机上创建直销的实例，在指定数据库文件的路径时，指定直销在磁盘阵列上的路径，覆盖原来在B机创建的数据库文件，例如：Directory For
DataBase Files：/bdata/orclb；在B机上创建TA的实例，在指定数据库文件的路径时，指定TA在磁盘阵列上的路径，覆盖原来在A机创建的数据库文件，例如：Directory For
DataBase Files：/bdata/orcla；注意创建的实例名和指定的数据库文件路径要和前面创建的实例保持一致。（在指定数据库文件路径时，所有.CTL、.log、.DBF、.ORA的文件路
径均需要手工指定到同一文件路径下）。
6.把B机 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/目录下 orapworcla和spfileorcla.ora两个文件拷贝到A机上$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/目录下；把A机 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/目录下 orapworclb和
spfileorclb.ora两个文件拷贝到B机上$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/目录下；
7.修改两台机器$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/目录下 listener.ora和tnsnames.ora两个文件并保持一致，示例:
listener.ora
LSNR_A =
(DEscriptION_LIST =
(DEscriptION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 202.168.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
)
LSNR_B =
(DEscriptION_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 202.168.0.2)(PORT = 1522))
)
SID_LIST_LSNR_A =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(PROGRAM = extproc)
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/ora9)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcla)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/ora9)
(SID_NAME = orcla)
)
)
SID_LIST_LSNR_B =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orclb)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/ora9)
(SID_NAME = orclb)
)
)
tnsnames.ora
orcla =
(DEscriptION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 202.168.0.1)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcla)
)
)
orclb =
(DEscriptION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 202.168.0.2)(PORT = 1522))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orclb)
)
) |
8.在A机上ORACLE环境变量的ORACLE_SID指定TA的实例名，例如：ORACLE_SID=orcla；在B机上ORACLE环境变量的ORACLE_SID指定直销的实例名，例如：ORACLE_SID=orclb；
四、HACMP的安装与配置
（1）安装
HACMP软件的安装与AIX基本*作系统选项软件的安装相同，用户可以根据需要选择安装HACMP软件，一般HACMP软件光盘上的内容全选。
smit update_all
选择光驱
默认安装光盘上所有软件
（2）配置
1、/.rhosts
在两台主机上用VI建立 .rhosts文件，内容为：
m851_svc
m851_stb
m851_boot
m852_svc
m852_stb
m852_boot
在两台机器上分别改变 .rhosts文件的属
性：
chmod 644 .rhosts
2、/etc/hosts
在两台主机上的/etc/hosts文件中用VI编辑，内容为：
202.168.0.1 m851_svc
196.100.2.11 m851_stb
172.17.0.1 m851_boot
202.168.0.1 m852_svc
202.168.0.12 m852_stb
172.17.0.2 m852_boot
3、配置网络拓扑结构
smit hacmp:
屏幕显示hacmp菜单：
HACMP
Cluster Configuration
Cluster Services
Cluster System Management
Cluster Recovery Aids
RAS Support
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Cluster Configuration，
Cluster Configuration
Cluster Topology
Cluster Security
Cluster Resources
Cluster Snapshots
Cluster Verification
Cluster Custom Modification
Restore System Default Configuration from Active Configuration
Advanced Performance Tuning Parameters
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Cluster Topology
Cluster Topology
Configure Cluster
Configure Nodes
Configure Networks
Configure Adapters
Configure Sites
Configure Global Networks
Configure Network Modules
Configure Topology Services and Group Services
Show Cluster Topology
Synchronize Cluster Topology
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Configure Cluster
Configure Cluster
Add a Cluster Definition
Change / Show Cluster Definition
Remove Cluster Definition
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Add a Cluster Definition，并进行配置：
Add a Cluster Definition
[Entry Fields]
**NOTE: Cluster Manager MUST BE RESTARTED
in order for changes to be acknowledged.**
* Cluster ID [188]（输入） #
* Cluster Name [test]（输入）
---------- end of screen ----------
添加成功后返回到Cluster Topology
Cluster Topology
Configure Cluster
Configure Nodes
Configure Networks
Configure Adapters
Configure Sites
Configure Global Networks
Configure Network Modules
Configure Topology Services and Group Services
Show Cluster Topology
Synchronize Cluster Topology
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Configure Nodes
Configure Nodes
Add Cluster Nodes
Change / Show Cluster Node Name
Remove a Cluster Node
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Add Cluster Nodes，并进行配置（添加两个Node，M851、M852）：
Add Cluster Nodes
[Entry Fields]
Node Names [m851]（输入 Node Name）
---------- end of screen ----------
Add Cluster Nodes
[Entry Fields]
Node Names [m852]（输入 Node Name）
---------- end of screen ----------
添加成功后，返回到Cluster Topology
Cluster Topology
Configure Cluster
Configure Nodes
Configure Networks
Configure Adapters
Configure Sites
Configure Global Networks
Configure Network Modules
Configure Topology Services and Group Services
Show Cluster Topology
Synchronize Cluster Topology
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Configure Adapters
Configure Adapters
Adapters on IP-based network
Adapters on Non IP-based network
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Adapters on IP-based network
Adapters on IP-based network
Discover Current Network Configuration
Add an Adapter
Change / Show an Adapter
Remove an Adapter
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Add an Adapter，配置m851_boot
Add an IP-based Adapter
[Entry Fields]
Adapter IP Label m851_boot
New Adapter IP Label [] +
* Network Type [ether] +
* Network Name [test_eth] +
* Network Attribute [public] +
* Adapter Function [boot] +
Adapter IP address [202.168.0.11]
Adapter Hardware Address []
Node Name [m851] +
Netmask [255.255.255.0] +
---------- end of screen ----------
<ccid_page/>
配置m851_stb
Add an IP-based Adapter
[Entry Fields]
Adapter IP Label m851_stb
New Adapter IP Label [] +
* Network Type [ether] +
* Network Name [test_eth] +
* Network Attribute [public] +
* Adapter Function [standby] +
Adapter IP address [172.17.0.1]
Adapter Hardware Address []
Node Name [m851] +
Netmask [255.255.255.0] +
---------- end of screen ----------
配置m851_svc
Add an IP-based Adapter
[Entry Fields]
Adapter IP Label m851_svc
New Adapter IP Label [] +
* Network Type [ether] +
* Network Name [test_eth] +
* Network Attribute [public] +
* Adapter Function [service] +
Adapter IP address [202.168.0.1]
Adapter Hardware Address [0x0002556affff]
Node Name [m851] +
Netmask [255.255.255.0] +
---------- end of screen ----------
配置m852_boot
Add an IP-based Adapter
[Entry Fields]
Adapter IP Label m852_boot
New Adapter IP Label [] +
* Network Type [ether] +
* Network Name [test_eth] +
* Network Attribute [public] +
* Adapter Function [boot] +
Adapter IP address [202.168.0.12]
Adapter Hardware Address []
Node Name [m852] +
Netmask [255.255.255.0] +
---------- end of screen ----------
配置m852_stb
Add an IP-based Adapter
[Entry Fields]
Adapter IP Label m852_stb
New Adapter IP Label [] +
* Network Type [ether] +
* Network Name [test_eth] +
* Network Attribute [public] +
* Adapter Function [standby] +
Adapter IP address [172.17.0.2]
Adapter Hardware Address []
Node Name [m852] +
Netmask [255.255.255.0] +
---------- end of screen ----------
配置m852_svc
Add an IP-based Adapter
[Entry Fields]
Adapter IP Label m852_svc
New Adapter IP Label [] +
* Network Type [ether] +
* Network Name [test_eth] +
* Network Attribute [public] +
* Adapter Function [service] +
Adapter IP address [202.168.0.2]
Adapter Hardware Address [0x0002556ad9ff]
Node Name [m852] +
Netmask [255.255.255.0] +
---------- end of screen ----------
4、分别增加TTY在两台主机上：
smit tty
选择：Add a TTY
Add a TTY
Type or select values in entry fields.
Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
[TOP] [Entry Fields]
TTY tty2
TTY type tty
TTY interface rs232
Description Asynchronous Terminal
Status Available
Location 01-S4-00-00
Parent adapter sa3
PORT number [0] +
Enable LOGIN disable +
BAUD rate [9600] +
PARITY [none] +
BITS per character [8] +
Number of STOP BITS [1] +
[MORE...35] |
在第二台主机上同样方法配置一个TTY。
5、配置心跳线TTY
Cluster Topology
Configure Cluster
Configure Nodes
Configure Networks
Configure Adapters
Configure Sites
Configure Global Networks
Configure Network Modules
Configure Topology Services and Group Services
Show Cluster Topology
Synchronize Cluster Topology
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Configure Adapters
Configure Adapters
Adapters on IP-based network
Adapters on Non IP-based network
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Adapters on Non IP-based network
Adapters on Non IP-based network
Add an Adapter
Change / Show an Adapter
Remove an Adapter
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Add an Adapter，并进行配置
Add an Adapter
[Entry Fields]
Adapter Label m851_tty
New Adapter Label []
Network Type [rs232] +
* Network Name [test_tty] +
* Device Name [/dev/tty2]
* Node Name [m851] +
---------- end of screen ----------
Add an Adapter
[Entry Fields]
Adapter Label m852_tty
New Adapter Label []
Network Type [rs232] +
* Network Name [test_tty] +
* Device Name [/dev/tty3]
* Node Name [m852] +
---------- end of screen ---------- |
6、配置资源组：
smit hacmp:
屏幕显示hacmp菜单：
HACMP
Cluster Configuration
Cluster Services
Cluster System Management
Cluster Recovery Aids
RAS Support
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Cluster Configuration，
Cluster Configuration
Cluster Topology
Cluster Security
Cluster Resources
Cluster Snapshots
Cluster Verification
Cluster Custom Modification
Restore System Default Configuration from Active Configuration
Advanced Performance Tuning Parameters
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Cluster Resources
Cluster Resources
Define Resource Groups
Define Application Servers
Configure Application Monitoring
Define Tape Resources
Define Highly Available Communication Links
Discover Current Volume Group Configuration
Configure Dynamic Node Priority Policies
Change/Show Resources/Attributes for a Resource Group
Cluster Events
Change/Show Run Time Parameters
Change/Show Cluster Lock Manager Resource Allocation
Show Cluster Resources
Synchronize Cluster Resources
---------- end of screen ---------- |
7、配置应用服务器
选择Define Application Servers
Define Application Servers
Add an Application Server
Change / Show an Application Server
Remove an Application Server
---------- end of screen ---------- |
1.选择Add an Application Server，并进行配置
Add an Application Server
[Entry Fields]
Server Name adata_app
Start script [/usr/sbin/cluster/appserver/startapp1]
Stop script [/usr/sbin/cluster/appserver/stopapp1]
---------- end of screen ----------
Add an Application Server
[Entry Fields]
Server Name bdata_app
Start script [/usr/sbin/cluster/appserver/startapp2]
Stop script [/usr/sbin/cluster/appserver/stopapp2]
---------- end of screen ---------- |
2.增加资源组
选择Define Resource Groups
Define Resource Groups
Add a Resource Group
Change / Show a Resource Group
Remove a Resource Group
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Add a Resource Group，并配置两个资源组
Add a Resource Group
[Entry Fields]
Resource Group Name resource1
Node Relationship cascading +
Participating Node Names / Default Node Priority [m851 m852] +
---------- end of screen ----------
Add a Resource Group
[Entry Fields]
Resource Group Name resource2
Node Relationship cascading +
Participating Node Names / Default Node Priority [m852 m851] +
---------- end of screen ---------- |
3.配置资源组
选择Change/Show Resources/Attributes for a Resource Group，配置resource1和resource2
配置resource1
Change/Show Resources/Attributes for a Resource Group
[TOP] [Entry Fields]
Resource Group Name resource1
Node Relationship cascading
Participating Node Names / Default Node Priority m851 m852
Dynamic Node Priority [] +
Service IP label [m851_svc] +
Filesystems (default is All) [] +
Filesystems Consistency Check fsck +
Filesystems Recovery Method sequential +
Filesystems/Directories to Export [] +
Filesystems/Directories to NFS mount
Network For NFS Mount [] +
Volume Groups [adatavg] +
Concurrent Volume groups [] +
Raw Disk PVIDs [] +
Connections Services [] +
Fast Connect Services [] +
Tape Resources [] +
Application Servers [adata_app] +
Highly Available Communication Links [] +
Miscellaneous Data []
Automatically Import Volume Groups false +
Inactive Takeover Activated false +
Cascading Without Fallback Enabled false +
9333 Disk Fencing Activated false +
SSA Disk Fencing Activated false +
Filesystems mounted before IP configured false +
---------- end of screen ----------
配置resource2
Change/Show Resources/Attributes for a Resource Group
[TOP] [Entry Fields]
Resource Group Name resource2
Node Relationship cascading
Participating Node Names / Default Node Priority m852 m851
Dynamic Node Priority [] +
Service IP label [m852_svc] +
Filesystems (default is All) [] +
Filesystems Consistency Check fsck +
Filesystems Recovery Method sequential +
Filesystems/Directories to Export [] +
Filesystems/Directories to NFS mount [] +
Network For NFS Mount [] +
Volume Groups [bdatavg] +
Concurrent Volume groups [] +
Raw Disk PVIDs [] +
Connections Services [] +
Fast Connect Services [] +
Tape Resources [] +
Application Servers [bdata_app] +
Highly Available Communication Links [] +
Miscellaneous Data []
Automatically Import Volume Groups false +
Inactive Takeover Activated false +
Cascading Without Fallback Enabled false +
9333 Disk Fencing Activated false +
SSA Disk Fencing Activated false +
Filesystems mounted before IP configured false +
---------- end of screen ---------- |
拓扑同步和资源同步
在主机一配置完成以后，用菜单中的同步命令进行将第一资源放到第二台机器上的工作。
1.拓扑同步
具体配置方法如下：
smit hacmp:
屏幕显示hacmp菜单：
HACMP
Cluster Configuration
Cluster Services
Cluster System Management
Cluster Recovery Aids
RAS Support
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Cluster Configuration，
Cluster Configuration
Cluster Topology
Cluster Security
Cluster Resources
Cluster Snapshots
Cluster Verification
Cluster Custom Modification
Restore System Default Configuration from Active Configuration
Advanced Performance Tuning Parameters
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Cluster Topology
Cluster Topology
Configure Cluster
Configure Nodes
Configure Networks
Configure Adapters
Configure Sites
Configure Global Networks
Configure Network Modules
Configure Topology Services and Group Services
Show Cluster Topology
Synchronize Cluster Topology
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Synchronize Cluster Topology，回车确认等待同步完成。 |
2.资源同步
具体配置方法如下：
smit hacmp:
屏幕显示hacmp菜单：
HACMP
Cluster Configuration
Cluster Services
Cluster System Management
Cluster Recovery Aids
RAS Support
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Cluster Configuration，
Cluster Configuration
Cluster Topology
Cluster Security
Cluster Resources
Cluster Snapshots
Cluster Verification
Cluster Custom Modification
Restore System Default Configuration from Active Configuration
Advanced Performance Tuning Parameters
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Cluster Topology
Cluster Topology
Configure Cluster
Configure Nodes
Configure Networks
Configure Adapters
Configure Sites
Configure Global Networks
Configure Network Modules
Configure Topology Services and Group Services
Show Cluster Topology
Synchronize Cluster Topology
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Cluster Resources
Cluster Resources
Define Resource Groups
Define Application Servers
Configure Application Monitoring
Define Tape Resources
Define Highly Available Communication Links
Discover Current Volume Group Configuration
Configure Dynamic Node Priority Policies
Change/Show Resources/Attributes for a Resource Group
Cluster Events
Change/Show Run Time Parameters
Change/Show Cluster Lock Manager Resource Allocation
Show Cluster Resources
Synchronize Cluster Resources
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Synchronize Cluster Resources，回车确认等待同步完成。 |
3.校验
具体配置方法如下：
smit hacmp:
屏幕显示hacmp菜单：
HACMP
Cluster Configuration
Cluster Services
Cluster System Management
Cluster Recovery Aids
RAS Support
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Cluster Configuration，
Cluster Configuration
Cluster Topology
Cluster Security
Cluster Resources
Cluster Snapshots
Cluster Verification
Cluster Custom Modification
Restore System Default Configuration from Active Configuration
Advanced Performance Tuning Parameters
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Cluster Verification
Cluster Verification
Verify Cluster
Define Custom Verification Method
---------- end of screen ----------
选择Verify Cluster
Verify Cluster
[Entry Fields]
Base HACMP Verification Methods both +
(Cluster topology, resources, both, none)
Custom Defined Verification Methods [] +
Error Count [] #
Log File to store output []
---------- end of screen ----------
回车确认即可。 |
