这里是一个具体的例子:
现在因为浏览器对utf-8的支持,我们可以通过在源文件、请求、响应中都使用unicode编码方式,来轻松达到处理国际化和字符编码问题的目标。
以我们使用的tomcat4.1.2为例,过程如下:
1、编写jsp页面时:在每个jsp页面在页首都要增加一行:
在编辑jsp页面时,一定要确保jsp文件以unicode的方式保存,目前几乎所有的编辑器都有以unicode编码保存或将文件内容转换成unicode的功能。
2、增加一个用来声明request的characterencoding的类setcharacterencodingfilter.java;
setcharacterencodingfilter的这个类主要的作用就是:把request在从页面刚提交到server端的时候的encoding声明为我们想要的encoding,通过调用request的方法setcharacterencoding (string encoding) 来改变,这样可以使request的从客户端传过来的时候,按我们在web.xml (在第二点可以讲到) 中配置的encoding来对提交的数据编码。
3、修改web.xml文件,配置一个filter来过滤全部url请求,通过第二步中的类,声明所有url请求的编码类型未utf-8。
在web.xml文件中加上以下这段:
set character encoding
org.kyle.web.sample.setcharacterencodingfilter
encoding
utf-8
set character encoding
/*
在上面这段文字中“org.kyle.web.sample.setcharacterencodingfilter”指定步骤2中的类的位置,“ utf-8”指定我们希望声明的request的编码类型,“/*”指定这个filter的适用范围(这里指的是全部url请求)。
同时注意二个问题:
1:servlet的版本必需是支持request.setcharacterencoding(string encoding)这个方法才行,也就是在serlvert2.3以上。
2:控制面板区域设置的当前代码页属性必需设定为"936 (gbk)",如果是"437(oem-united states)"它处理文字的时候是8-bit,而中文和日文等是16-bit。所以在显示和处理时它把中文的前8位给截掉,这样就会出现乱码问题。
附:setcharacterencodingfilter源文件
package org.kyle.web.sample;
import java.io.ioexception;
import javax.servlet.filter;
import javax.servlet.filterchain;
import javax.servlet.filterconfig;
import javax.servlet.servletexception;
import javax.servlet.servletrequest;
import javax.servlet.servletresponse;
import javax.servlet.unavailableexception;
public class setcharacterencodingfilter implements filter
{
/**
* the default character encoding to set for requests that pass through
* this filter.
*/
protected string encoding = null;
/**
* the filter configuration object we are associated with. if this value
* is null, this filter instance is not currently configured.
*/
protected filterconfig filterconfig = null;
/**
* should a character encoding specified by the client be ignored?
*/
protected boolean ignore = true;
/**
* take this filter out of service.
*/
public void destroy()
{
this.encoding = null;
this.filterconfig = null;
}
/**
* select and set (if specified) the character encoding to be used to
* interpret request parameters for this request.
*
* @param request the servlet request we are processing
* @param result the servlet response we are creating
* @param chain the filter chain we are processing
*
* @exception ioexception if an input/output error occurs
* @exception servletexception if a servlet error occurs
*/
public void dofilter(servletrequest request, servletresponse response,
filterchain chain)
throws ioexception, servletexception
{
// conditionally select and set the character encoding to be used
if (ignore || (request.getcharacterencoding() == null))
{
string encoding = selectencoding(request);
if (encoding != null)
request.setcharacterencoding(encoding);
}
// pass control on to the next filter
chain.dofilter(request, response);
}
/**
* place this filter into service.
*
* @param filterconfig the filter configuration object
*
*encoding
* utf-8
*
*/
public void init(filterconfig filterconfig) throws servletexception
{
this.filterconfig = filterconfig;
this.encoding = filterconfig.getinitparameter("encoding");
string value = filterconfig.getinitparameter("ignore");
if (value == null)
this.ignore = true;
else if (value.equalsignorecase("true"))
this.ignore = true;
else if (value.equalsignorecase("yes"))
this.ignore = true;
else
this.ignore = false;
}
/**
* select an appropriate character encoding to be used, based on the
* characteristics of the current request and/or filter initialization
* parameters. if no character encoding should be set, return
* null.
*
* the default implementation unconditionally returns the value configured
* by the encoding initialization parameter for this
* filter.
*
* @param request the servlet request we are processing
*/
protected string selectencoding(servletrequest request)
{
return (this.encoding);
}
}
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